Allah, the Eternal Refuge. Al-Samad is one of the most profound divine names in the Quran — appearing only here. It means the one to whom all creation turns in its need, the one who is self-sufficient and has no need of anything, the one upon whom everything depends while He depends upon nothing. Al-Samad is the one who has no interior — for everything that has an interior eats and drinks. And al-Samad is the master whose mastery has reached its ultimate degree. Every human need, every cosmic dependence, ultimately traces back to al-Samad.

— Reflection, TathirQuran reflection — pending scholarly review